Intestinal absorption and metabolism of xenobiotics

Intestinal absorption and metabolism of xenobiotics

There are five possible processes of intestinal absorption of xenobiotics. These are active transport, passive diffusions, pinocytosis, filtration through "pores," and lymphatic absorption. The passive diffusion is major process for transport of foreign chemicals across the intestine. Though the lymphatic absorption of drugs is not of any major therapeutic significance, the uptake of toxic chem...

Absorption and distribution of xenobiotics.

Extrapolation of pharmacokinetic data between species has been simplified by the advent of more sensitive methods of analysis of chemicals in body tissues and by the capability of inexpensive computers to perform complex calculations. These new methods enable investigators to observe the rates at which target tissues reach equilibrium in different species and to develop mathematical models of t...

Interaction between Intestinal Microbiota and Serotonin Metabolism

Gut microbiota regulates the production of signaling molecules, such as serotonin or 5-Hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT in the host. Serotonin is a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter in the gut and brain. There is a perfect interaction between human gastrointestinal microbiota and the serotonin system. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the serotonin signaling pathways through the...

Bioavailability of Dietary Carotenoids: Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism

Various carotenoids with diverse structures are present in foods and have been reported to have beneficial effects on human health. Owing to their hydrophobicity, however, poor solubilization in the aqueous milieu of the digestive tract restricts their intestinal absorption. Fats and oils were found to increase the solubilization of carotenoids into mixed-micelles, which would therefore enhance...

Pituitary Regulation of Plasma Lipoprotein Metabolism and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption